Deadly attacks around the Black Sea are increasing risks to commercial shipping and agricultural exports from Russia and Ukraine.
A regional conflict with global consequences
The Black Sea remains a vital route for wheat, maize and vegetable oil. Damage to ports or ships can raise insurance costs, deter crews and delay deliveries even when production remains available.
Import-dependent countries in Africa and the Middle East are particularly exposed to price shocks. Ukraine has proposed a halt to attacks on civilian maritime targets, while Turkey says it is consulting Moscow and Kyiv about safe grain passage. Any workable arrangement would need monitoring, clear definitions and credible guarantees for ports, vessels and crews.